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三菱PLC中變壓器的核心技術物理意義參數有哪些?

點擊:10471 日期:2018-08-20 選擇字號:



1.變壓器核心技(ji)術參數及(ji)意(yi)義


PLC變壓器

變(bian)壓器有7個參數(shu)

1.額定(ding)電壓(ya)

額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)分初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)和次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)。初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)是指變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)在額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)工作條件下(xia),根據變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)絕(jue)緣強度(du)與溫升所規定(ding)(ding)的初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)壓(ya)有(you)效值(zhi)。對于(yu)(yu)電(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)而言,通(tong)常指按規定(ding)(ding)加(jia)在變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組上的電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓(ya)。次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)是指初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)有(you)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)而次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)處于(yu)(yu)空(kong)載的情況下(xia),次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)的有(you)效值(zhi)。

2.額定電(dian)流

在初級為(wei)額(e)定電(dian)壓的情況下,保證(zheng)初級繞組能(neng)夠正常(chang)輸人和次級繞組能(neng)夠正常(chang)輸出的電(dian)流,分別稱為(wei)初、次級額(e)定電(dian)流。

3.額定容量

變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)的額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)指變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)額定(ding)工作(zuo)條件下的輸出能力。對于(yu)大(da)功(gong)率變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi),可用次(ci)級繞組的額定(ding)電(dian)壓與額定(ding)電(dian)流的乘積(ji)來表示。對于(yu)小功(gong)率電(dian)源變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)言,由(you)于(yu)工作(zuo)情況不同(tong),初、次(ci)級容(rong)量(liang)應(ying)分別計(ji)算(suan)。

初(chu)級額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)有(you)(you)效值(zhi)與(yu)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)流有(you)(you)效值(zhi)的(de)乘積稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)初(chu)級容量(liang),用(yong)A表(biao)示。次級額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)有(you)(you)效值(zhi)與(yu)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)流有(you)(you)效值(zhi)的(de)乘積稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)次級容量(liang),用(yong)Pz表(biao)示。

2.變壓(ya)器工作原(yuan)理

變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)、電流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)阻(zu)抗(kang)的(de)器(qi)(qi)件,當(dang)初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)有交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi),鐵芯(或磁(ci)芯)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)便產生交流(liu)(liu)(liu)磁(ci)通(tong),使次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應出電壓(ya)(ya)(或電流(liu)(liu)(liu))。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)由鐵芯(或磁(ci)芯)和(he)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)組(zu)成,線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)有兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上的(de)繞組(zu),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接電源的(de)繞組(zu)叫(jiao)(jiao)初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan),其余的(de)繞組(zu)叫(jiao)(jiao)次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)。在發電機中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)運(yun)動通(tong)過磁(ci)場或磁(ci)場運(yun)動通(tong)過固定線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan),均(jun)能在線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應電勢,此兩種(zhong)情況,磁(ci)通(tong)的(de)值(zhi)均(jun)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian),但與線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)相交鏈的(de)磁(ci)通(tong)數(shu)量卻有變(bian)(bian)(bian)動,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)互感(gan)應的(de)原理。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)就是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)利用(yong)電磁(ci)互感(gan)效應,變(bian)(bian)(bian)換電壓(ya)(ya),電流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)阻(zu)抗(kang)的(de)器(qi)(qi)件。

Satons變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)主要應用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應原(yuan)理來工作。具體是:當變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)一(yi)次側(ce)施加交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U1,流(liu)(liu)過一(yi)次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為I1,則該電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)鐵芯中會產(chan)生交變(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通,使一(yi)次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)和(he)二次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)發生電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)聯系,根據電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應原(yuan)理,交變(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通穿過這兩個繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)就會感(gan)應出電(dian)(dian)動勢,其大小與(yu)(yu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數以及主磁(ci)(ci)通的最大值成正(zheng)(zheng)比,繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數多的一(yi)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高,繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數少的一(yi)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低,當變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)二次側(ce)開路(lu),即變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)空載(zai)時,一(yi)二次端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與(yu)(yu)一(yi)二次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數成正(zheng)(zheng)比,即U1/U2=N1/N2,但初級與(yu)(yu)次級頻率保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)致,從而實現電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的變(bian)化。

3.變(bian)壓(ya)器分類

一般常用變壓(ya)器的分類可(ke)歸納(na)如下:

(1)按相數分:

1)單相(xiang)變壓器:用于(yu)單相(xiang)負荷(he)和三相(xiang)變壓器組。

2)三相變(bian)壓器:用于三相系統的升、降電壓。

(2)按冷卻方式分(fen):

1)干式變壓器(qi):依(yi)靠空氣對(dui)流進行冷卻,一般(ban)用于局(ju)部照(zhao)明、電子線路等小容量變壓器(qi)。

2)油(you)浸式變壓器:依(yi)靠(kao)油(you)作冷卻介質(zhi)、如油(you)浸自冷、油(you)浸風(feng)冷、油(you)浸水冷、強(qiang)迫油(you)循環等。

(3)按(an)用途分:

1)電力(li)變壓器:用于輸配電系統的升、降(jiang)電壓。

2)儀用變壓器(qi):如電壓互感(gan)器(qi)、電流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)、用于測量(liang)儀表和繼電保護裝置。

3)試驗變壓(ya)器:能產(chan)生高(gao)壓(ya),對電(dian)氣設備進行高(gao)壓(ya)試驗。

4)特(te)種(zhong)變壓(ya)器:如電爐變壓(ya)器、整流(liu)變壓(ya)器、調整變壓(ya)器等(deng)。

(4)按繞組(zu)形式分:

1)雙(shuang)繞組變壓器:用(yong)于(yu)連接電力系(xi)統中的兩個電壓等級。

2)三(san)繞組變壓(ya)器:一般用于(yu)電(dian)力系統區域變電(dian)站中,連接三(san)個電(dian)壓(ya)等級。

3)自耦變電(dian)器(qi):用于連(lian)接(jie)不同電(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)力系統。也可(ke)做為(wei)普通的升壓(ya)或降后變壓(ya)器(qi)用。

(5)按鐵芯形式分(fen):

1)芯式變(bian)壓器(qi):用于高壓的電力變(bian)壓器(qi)。

2)殼式變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi):用(yong)(yong)于大電(dian)(dian)流的特(te)殊變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi),如電(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)焊(han)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi);或用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)子儀器(qi)及電(dian)(dian)視、收音機等(deng)的電(dian)(dian)源變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)。

4.工(gong)作(zuo)溫度等級

根據變壓器采用的絕(jue)緣材料壽命而(er)規定(ding)允許(xu)的工作溫度,用級別表示。

5.額定頻(pin)率

額定頻(pin)率指變壓器正常(chang)工作(zuo)的電壓頻(pin)率值。一(yi)般情(qing)況下額定頻(pin)率為(wei)5OHz。需要時可按40OHz、IkHz、lOkHz等頻(pin)率設計變壓器。

6.工作(zuo)溫度等級

根據變壓器采用的(de)絕緣(yuan)材料壽命而規定允許(xu)的(de)工(gong)作溫度,用級別表示。

7.溫升

溫(wen)升(sheng)指變壓器茬額(e)定負(fu)載(zai)下工作到熱穩(wen)定后,其(qi)線包的平均溫(wen)度(du)與(yu)環境溫(wen)度(du)之差。

8.空載(zai)電流

當電(dian)源變(bian)壓(ya)器次級開路時,初級繞組仍有一定的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過,這個(ge)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)便(bian)是變(bian)壓(ya)器的空載電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(Transformer)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁感應(ying)的原理來改變(bian)交流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的裝置(zhi),主要構(gou)件(jian)是初級(ji)線(xian)圈、次級(ji)線(xian)圈和(he)鐵芯(xin)(磁芯(xin))。主要功能有:電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)換、電(dian)流變(bian)換、阻(zu)抗變(bian)換、隔(ge)離(li)、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(磁飽和(he)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi))等(deng)。按(an)用(yong)(yong)途可以分(fen)為:電(dian)力(li)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)特殊(shu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(電(dian)爐(lu)變(bian)、整流變(bian)、工(gong)頻試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦用(yong)(yong)變(bian)、音(yin)頻變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、中頻變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖擊變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用(yong)(yong)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)子(zi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)、互感器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng))。電(dian)路(lu)符號常用(yong)(yong)T當作(zuo)編號的開頭.例(li): T01, T201等(deng)。


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